SQL Mathematical Operators
The final Intermediate-tier series — basic arithmetic and the percentage/growth-rate calculations that show up in nearly every business report.
What & Why
This closing series of the Intermediate tier covers the numeric side of SQL: the five arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /, %), common single-value functions (ABS, ROUND, CEIL, FLOOR, POWER, SQRT, MOD), and the percentage-based calculations — percent-of-total, percent-change, growth rate — that appear in almost every real business report.
See How It Works
BUSINESS QUESTION
Marketing wants each campaign's 10% buffer and unrounded planned spend.
| id | name | channel | spend | start_date | end_date | status | target_segment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Spring Launch | google_ads | 55000.00 | 2024-01-15 | 2024-03-31 | active | smb |
| 2 | Retention Webinar | 45000.00 | 2024-02-10 | 2024-04-15 | active | enterprise | |
| 3 | Finance Retargeting | 50000.00 | 2024-03-12 | 2024-05-31 | active | enterprise | |
| 4 | Enterprise Search | google_ads | 60000.00 | 2024-04-01 | 2024-06-30 | active | enterprise |
EXAMPLE QUERY
SELECT
id AS campaign_id,
spend,
spend * 0.10 AS buffer_amount,
spend + (spend * 0.10) AS planned_spend
FROM marketing.campaigns
ORDER BY planned_spend DESC;RESULT — exact output from the displayed Queryflo rows
| campaign_id | spend | buffer_amount | planned_spend |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | 60000.00 | 6000.0000 | 66000.0000 |
| 1 | 55000.00 | 5500.0000 | 60500.0000 |
| 3 | 50000.00 | 5000.0000 | 55000.0000 |
| 2 | 45000.00 | 4500.0000 | 49500.0000 |
Multiplication creates the ten-percent buffer before addition creates planned spend.
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